Stay Cool This Summer: Your Guide to Sun Safety

Summer is a time for outdoor activities, from beach trips to barbecues. However, it's also a season when the risk of sunburn, sun poisoning, and heat stroke significantly increases. As a pharmacy professional, it's important to educate the public on recognizing the symptoms of these conditions, how to treat them, and ways to prevent them. Additionally, understanding the types of sunscreen and their appropriate use can make a significant difference in maintaining skin health and preventing skin cancer.

Understanding Sunburn, Sun Poisoning, and Heat Stroke

Sunburn is the most common sun-related ailment. It occurs when UV rays damage the skin, leading to redness, pain, and peeling. Symptoms include:

• Red, warm skin

• Pain and tenderness

• Swelling

• Blistering (in severe cases)

Treatment: To treat sunburn, apply cool compresses, use aloe vera or hydrocortisone cream to soothe the skin, and stay hydrated. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation.

Sun Poisoning is a severe form of sunburn accompanied by systemic symptoms. It may present with:

• Severe redness and blistering

• Headache

• Fever and chills

• Nausea and vomiting

• Dizziness

Treatment: For sun poisoning, seek medical attention. Meanwhile, drink plenty of fluids, take cool baths, and use over-the-counter medications for pain and inflammation.

Heat Stroke is a serious condition caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. It requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include:

• High body temperature (above 103°F)

• Hot, red, dry, or damp skin

• Rapid and strong pulse

• Headache

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Confusion or loss of consciousness

Treatment: Call emergency services immediately. Move the person to a cooler environment, use cool cloths or a bath to lower their temperature, and avoid giving them fluids if they are unconscious.

Choosing the Best Sunscreen Product

Choosing the right sunscreen is crucial for effective sun protection. There are two main types of sunscreen: mineral and chemical.

• Mineral Sunscreens (also known as physical sunscreens) contain active mineral ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. They work by sitting on top of the skin and reflecting UV rays. Mineral sunscreens are generally recommended for people with sensitive skin and are safe for babies and children. Pro tip: zinc oxide-based baby sunscreen can be used on your furry friend to prevent sunburn, too! We apply it to my little guy when we're out in the sun for a long day.

• Chemical Sunscreens contain organic compounds like oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate. They absorb UV radiation and convert it to heat, which is then released from the skin. These sunscreens are often lighter and less visible on the skin but may cause irritation in some individuals.

For Babies and Children: Mineral sunscreens are preferred due to their gentle nature. Look for products specifically formulated for children, which are often free of fragrances and other potential irritants.

Preventing Skin Cancer

Extended periods in the sun increase the risk of skin cancer. Here are steps to minimize this risk:

• Use Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.

• Wear Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses provide additional protection.

• Seek Shade: Avoid direct sunlight, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM when UV rays are strongest.

• Regular Skin Checks: Examine your skin monthly for new or changing moles and consult a dermatologist for annual skin checks.

Summary: Staying Safe This Summer

To enjoy the summer safely, we recommend following these tips:

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.

2. Plan Outdoor Activities Wisely: Schedule them during cooler parts of the day.

3. Use Sun Protection: Apply sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and seek shade.

4. Be Aware of Symptoms: Recognize early signs of sunburn, sun poisoning, and heat stroke and take prompt action.

By taking these precautions, you can significantly reduce the risk of sun-related health issues and enjoy a safe, healthy summer. Remember, your pharmacist is a valuable resource for advice on sun protection and treatment options for sunburn and other related conditions. Stay informed and protected, and make the most of your summer activities.

Resources:

1. American Academy of Dermatology. Sunscreen FAQs. American Academy of Dermatology website. https://www.aad.org/media/stats/prevention-and-care/sunscreen-faqs. Accessed June 7, 2024.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sunburn. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sunburn.htm. Updated May 10, 2023. Accessed June 7, 2024.

3. Mayo Clinic. Sunburn: Symptoms & causes. Mayo Clinic website. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922. Accessed June 7, 2024.

4. Skin Cancer Foundation. How Sunscreen Works. Skin Cancer Foundation website. https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/sun-protection/sunscreen/how-sunscreen-works/. Accessed June 7, 2024.

5. American Academy of Pediatrics. Sun Safety and Protection Tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics website. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Sun-Safety.aspx. Accessed June 7, 2024.

6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun. U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun. Updated June 8, 2023. Accessed June 7, 2024.

7. Cleveland Clinic. Heat Stroke: Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention. Cleveland Clinic website. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4062-heat-stroke. Accessed June 7, 2024.